Source for a chart on Philippians: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_aXaE7JOlFnQ/TT3khT12oXI/AAAAAAAAAZE/Rq1WG_rJGI4/s1600/Philippians.jpg
Before we get too deep into chapter 3, we should simply read it over first
so we don’t get lost in the details.When Paul wrote this letter, he had served Christ for almost thirty years. After thirty years of faithful service, Paul realized he had areas of his life in which he needed to grow. If Paul had not yet arrived, how much more so do we need to continue to grow spiritually? In this chapter, Paul detailed a personal plan for growing to maturity in Christ.
(1) Whatever happens, my dear brothers and sisters, rejoice in the Lord. I never get tired
of telling you these things, and I do it to safeguard your faith.
- Chapter 3 begins with the phrase to loipon, translated in the KJV as “FINALLY”.
- Learning to rejoice in difficult circumstances in
both a prerequisite and a sign of Christian maturity.
- Despite being confined to a rented house and under
threat of execution and the church problems, Paul rejoiced in the Lord.
The theme of joy serves as a keynote of the letter occurring sixteen times. Christians often
become discouraged as we focus on our circumstances. Christians discover
the cure for discouragement by rejoicing and focusing on the Lord.
(2) Watch out for those *dogs,
those people who do evil, those **mutilators
who say you must be circumcised to be saved.
- *dogs:
- There
are two words in the New Testament for dogs, both from the same root. The
one used here is kunarion, that
means a little dog, a little pet dog, a puppy, used in Matthew 15:26-27
and Mark 7:27. The word here is kuon.
That word is used of dogs that were not pets and most of the dogs in that
culture were not pets. They were scavengers. Dogs roamed the streets.
They roamed in packs. They hunted the garbage of the city. They were
often rabid.
- “Dogs”
is exactly the term contempt Jews would use against Gentiles. Paul said a
lot by using this word against these Jewish-influenced legalists.
- Anybody
who says you have to baptized in water to be saved is a dangerous dog.
Anybody who says in order to be saved you've got to go through some
certain kind of ceremony, you've got to say some certain kinds of
prayers, you've got to go through some kind of a ritual is a dog, an
unclean thing, a dangerous beast.
- Psalm 22:16: My enemies
surround me like a pack of dogs;
an evil gang closes in on me. They have pierced my hands and feet.
- Matthew 15:21-28: Then Jesus left Galilee and went north
to the region of Tyre and Sidon. A Gentile
woman who lived there came to him, pleading, “Have mercy on me, O Lord, Son of David! For my
daughter is possessed by a demon that torments her severely.” But Jesus
gave her no reply, not even a word. Then his disciples urged him to send
her away. “Tell her to go away,” they said. “She is bothering us with all
her begging.” Then Jesus said to the woman, “I was sent only to help God’s lost sheep—the people of Israel.” But
she came and worshiped him,
pleading again, “Lord, help me!” Jesus responded, “It isn’t right to take food from the children and throw it to the
dogs.” She replied, “That’s true, Lord, but even dogs
(puppies) are allowed to eat the
scraps that fall beneath their masters’ table.” “Dear woman,” Jesus said to her, “your faith is great. Your request is granted.” And her
daughter was instantly healed.
- As a Gentile, she had no status to appeal to Jesus
as Lord or Son of David. Once
she accepted her position, Jesus answered her request. At this point,
Jesus came “but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.”
- Revelation 22:15: Outside
the city are the dogs—the sorcerers,
the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idol worshipers, and all who love
to live a lie.
- To
the Jews then and to the Muslims today, dogs are considered “dirty”
worthless animals and are even outlawed in Iran.
- These
“dogs” are evidently Judaizers which is why he so emphasizes his
“Jewishness” in verses 5-6. The Juadizers were who he has largely in mind
in Galatians.
- “They did not deny that Jesus was the Messiah, or
that His Gospel was the power of God unto salvation, but they insisted
that the Gentile converts could only come to the fullness of Gospel
privilege through the Law of Moses.” (Meyer).
- 2
Corinthians 11:13: These
people are false apostles.
They are deceitful workers who disguise
themselves as apostles of Christ.
- There are deceivers today behind pulpits as well
as in seminaries teaching error.
- **mutilators: This
is a play on words. Katatome is
a parody on the similar word for circumcision, peritome. Temno is
the Greek word for “to cut”.
- Acts 15:1,5,24-29: While Paul and Barnabas were at
Antioch of Syria, some men from Judea arrived and began to teach the
believers: “Unless you are
circumcised as required by the law of Moses, you cannot be saved.” …
But then some of the believers who belonged to the sect of the Pharisees
stood up and insisted, “The
Gentile converts must be circumcised and required to follow the law of
Moses.” … “We understand that some men from here have troubled you
and upset you with their teaching, but we did not send them! So we
decided, having come to complete agreement, to send you official
representatives, along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, who have
risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We are sending
Judas and Silas to confirm what we have decided concerning your question.
“For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay no greater burden
on you than these few
requirements: You must abstain from eating food offered to idols, from
consuming blood or the meat of strangled animals, and from sexual
immorality. If you do this, you will do well. Farewell.”
- Romans 2:28-29: For you are not a true Jew just
because you were born of Jewish parents or because you have gone through
the ceremony of circumcision.
No, a true Jew is one whose heart is right with God. And true circumcision is not merely obeying the letter of the
law; rather, it is a change of heart produced by God’s Spirit. And a
person with a changed heart seeks praise from God, not from people.
- Galatians 5:12: I just wish that those troublemakers
who want to mutilate you by circumcision would mutilate themselves.
- Colossians 2:11: When you came to Christ, you were “circumcised,” but not
by a physical procedure. Christ performed
a spiritual circumcision—the cutting away of your sinful nature.
- Circumcision
had simply become a religious rite without an understanding of what it
meant. Of course, the left-wing lovers of gays and lesbians in California
want to outlaw circumcision – attacking the Jewish population. This was
what the Romans did eventually.
- What
is under attack here is the doctrine of justification by faith.
(3) For we who worship by the Spirit of God are the ones who are truly circumcised. We rely on what Christ
Jesus has done for us. We put no
confidence in human effort,
- Romans 2:25-29: The Jewish ceremony of circumcision has value only if you
obey God’s law. But if you don’t obey God’s law, you are no better off
than an uncircumcised Gentile. And if the Gentiles obey God’s law, won’t
God declare them to be his own people? In fact, uncircumcised Gentiles who keep God’s law will condemn you Jews
who are circumcised and possess God’s law but don’t obey it. For you
are not a true Jew just because you were born of Jewish parents or because
you have gone through the ceremony of circumcision. No, a
true Jew is one whose heart is right with God. And true circumcision is
not merely obeying the letter of the law; rather, it is a change of heart
produced by God’s Spirit. And a person with a changed heart seeks
praise from God, not from people.
- Circumcision was the Old Testament
sign of the covenant, it marked a man as belonging to the nation of
Israel, the covenant people of God. The true people of God in the Old
Testament era trusted in the Lord for their salvation and looked forward
to the day when the Christ would come and fulfill His work of redemption.
The sacrament of circumcision was the outward sign of their faith and
covenant relationship with the Lord. As we trust in the Lord Jesus Christ
and His finished work of redemption we become identified with those Old
Testament believers as the true covenant people of God.
- The
Jewish Talmud says this: "The commandment of circumcision is more
important than all the other injunctions of Scripture,". In other
words, according to the Talmud, the most important thing a Jew can do to
secure a relationship with God is to have circumcision.
(4) though I could have confidence in my own effort if anyone could.
Indeed, if others have reason for confidence in their own efforts, I have even
more!
(5) I was circumcised when I was
eight days old. I am a pure-blooded
citizen of Israel and a member of the
tribe of Benjamin—a real Hebrew if
there ever was one! I was a member
of the Pharisees, who demand the strictest obedience to the Jewish law.
- 2 Corinthians 11:22: Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they
Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I.
- According
to the standard of Judaism, he has the right pedigree, the right
affiliation, the right ceremonial credentials, and the right human
achievements. When it comes to "legalistic righteousness," Paul says
he is "faultless" or “perfect”.
- Paul
recounted his personal attempt to earn favor with God by listing seven
things in his life before Christ: religious ritual, ancestry, family
heritage, devout lineage, conservative legalism, religious zeal and
external legalistic righteousness. Paul did not cling to his pedigree,
credentials or achievements.
- Barclay:
“There were not very many Pharisees, never more than six thousand, but
they were the spiritual athletes of Judaism. Their very name means ‘The
Separated Ones’. They had separated themselves off from all common life
and from all common tasks in order to make it the one aim of their lives
to keep every smallest detail of the Law.”
(6) I was so zealous that I harshly *persecuted
the church. And as for **righteousness,
I obeyed the law WITHOUT FAULT.
- *persecuted the church:
- Galatians 1:13-14: You know what I was like when I
followed the Jewish religion—how I
violently persecuted God’s church. I did my best to destroy it. I was
far ahead of my fellow Jews in my zeal for the traditions of my
ancestors.
- 1 Timothy 1:13: even though I used to blaspheme the name of Christ. In my
insolence, I persecuted his people. But God had mercy on me because I did
it in ignorance and unbelief.
- **righteousness: “But I warn you—unless your righteousness is better than the righteousness of the
teachers of religious law and the Pharisees, you will never enter the
Kingdom of Heaven!
(7) I once thought these things were valuable, but now I consider them worthless because of what Christ has done.
- Isaiah 64:6: We are all infected and impure with sin. When we display our righteous deeds, they are nothing but filthy rags.
- These
“filthy rags” were menstrual rags.
- John
Piper: “When he met the living Christ on the Damascus road, Paul took a
big red pencil and wrote "LOSS" in big red letters across his
gains column. And he wrote "GAIN" in big letters over the loss
column that only had one name in it: Christ.”
- Every
system of religion without relationship, every system of religion without
righteousness whether it's Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, Christian
Scientists, Roman Catholic Church, or liberal Protestantism or whatever it
is, whatever human achievement religion where you assume that if you do fewer
bad works and more good works, or certain good works, you'll earn favor
with God is a false religious system.
- I
remember witnessing a member of the Masons about Christ and he said he was
convinced that he’d go to heaven – by building gold steps to heaven with
his good deeds as a Mason. I asked him how many gold bricks were required
– he wasn’t sure. I said, what if God requires 1,000 bricks and you can
only come up with 999 – then what? He still refused the message of
salvation through grace – man always wants to add his little bit to grace,
thus turning it all into salvation by works.
(8) Yes, everything else is
worthless when compared with the infinite value of *knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have discarded
everything else, counting it all as
garbage, so that I could gain Christ
- *knowing:
This is not about knowing ABOUT Christ, it is about having
an intimate relationship with
him – like husband and wife.
- 2
Corinthians 5:16: So we have
stopped evaluating others from a human point of view. At one time we
thought of Christ merely from a human point of view. How differently we know him now!
- Charles Spurgeon: “Spiritual knowledge of Christ will be a personal knowledge. I
cannot know Jesus through another person’s acquaintance with him. No, I
must know him myself; I must know him on my own account. It will be an
intelligent knowledge—I must know him, not as the visionary dreams of
him, but as the Word reveals him. I must know his natures, divine and
human. I must know his offices—his attributes—his works—his shame—his
glory. I must meditate upon him until I “comprehend with all saints what is the breadth, and length, and
depth, and height; and know the
love of Christ, which passeth knowledge.” It will be an
affectionate knowledge of him; indeed, if I know him at all, I must love
him. An ounce of heart knowledge
is worth a ton of head learning. Our knowledge of him will be a
satisfying knowledge. When I know my Saviour, my mind will be full to the
brim—I shall feel that I have that which my spirit panted after. “This is
that bread whereof if a man eat he shall never hunger.” At the same time
it will be an exciting knowledge; the
more I know of my Beloved, the more I shall want to know. The higher
I climb the loftier will be the summits which invite my eager footsteps.
I shall want the more as I get the more. Like the miser’s treasure, my
gold will make me covet more. To conclude; this knowledge of Christ Jesus
will be a most happy one; in fact, so elevating, that sometimes it will
completely bear me up above all trials, and doubts, and sorrows; and it
will, while I enjoy it, make me something more than “Man that is born of woman, who is of few days, and full of
trouble”; for it will fling about me the immortality of the ever
living Saviour, and gird me with the golden girdle of his eternal joy.
Come, my soul, sit at Jesus’ feet and learn of him all this day.”
- My brother-in-law, Jerry Harris, the Senior Pastor at
The Crossing church in Quincy Illinois, gave an excellent example of this
once to a very wealthy man when visiting him in the man’s home. When
witnessing to him, Jerry noticed in his large collection of books in his
library a book about Marilyn Monroe on his library shelf. Jerry said that
millions of people know a lot about Marilyn Monroe, but Joe DiMaggio, who
was married to her for a while, really KNEW her as no once else could. He
saw her in the mornings without her makeup. He had intimate moments with
her. They talked about things that they never discussed with anyone else.
Even though they were divorced, he never married again after her death.
So, Joe really KNEW her. Just so, we are to KNOW Jesus Christ – not as
someone we read about, not just as someone whom we worship, but a real person who desires to be the
main part of our lives and walk with us in this life and spend all of
eternity with Him in the next.
(9) and become one with him. I no
longer count on my own righteousness through obeying the law; rather, I become righteous *through faith in Christ.
For God’s way of making us right with himself depends on faith.
- *through faith in Christ: Or through the faithfulness of Christ
- Romans 3:21-26: But now God has shown us a way to be made right with him without keeping
the requirements of the law, as was promised in the writings of Moses
and the prophets long ago. We are
made right with God by placing our faith in Jesus Christ. And this is
true for everyone who believes, no matter who we are. For everyone has
sinned; we all fall short of God’s glorious standard. Yet God, with
undeserved kindness, declares that
we are righteous. He did this through Christ Jesus when he freed us
from the penalty for our sins. For God presented Jesus as the sacrifice
for sin. People are made right with
God when they believe that Jesus sacrificed his life, shedding his blood.
This sacrifice shows that God was being fair when he held back and did not
punish those who sinned in times past, for he was looking ahead and
including them in what he would do in this present time. God did this to
demonstrate his righteousness, for he himself is fair and just, and he declares sinners to be right in his
sight when they believe in Jesus.
(10) I want to *know Christ and
experience the mighty **power that raised him from the dead. I want to ***suffer
with him, sharing in his death,
- *know:
o
R W De Haan : “The Youth's Living Ideals magazine related the following story:
"An old Christian woman whose age began to tell on her had once known much
of the Bible by heart. Eventually only one precious bit stayed with her, `I
know whom I have believed and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I
have committed unto Him against that day' (2 Timothy 1:12). By and by,
part of that slipped its hold, and she would quietly repeat, `That which I have committed unto him.' At
last, as she hovered on the [borderline] between this world and heaven, her
loved ones noticed her lips moving. They bent down to see if she needed
anything. She was repeating over and over again to herself the one word of the
text, `Him, Him, Him.' She had lost the whole Bible but one word. But she had
the whole Bible in that one word." Though her memory had failed, that
dying saint of God never lost the One she loved so well. Her salvation was based on a living relationship to Jesus Christ.
He satisfied her heart's need even in death. The only way of salvation is through knowing the Savior.”
o
2 Peter
3:18: Rather, you must grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord
and Savior Jesus Christ. All glory to him, both now and forever! Amen.
- **power (Greek – dunamis):
o
A power that can raise the dead! And Paul says
we can experience that power in our life! Ephesians
1:19-20: I also pray that you will
understand the incredible greatness of
God’s power for us who believe him. This is the same mighty power that raised Christ from the dead and seated him
in the place of honor at God’s right hand in the heavenly realms.
o
This power is Paul’s secret to Philippians 4:13: For I can do everything through Christ, who gives me strength.
o
Moses had a similar desire: Exodus 33:13: If it is true
that you look favorably on me, let me
know your ways so I may understand
you more fully and continue to enjoy your favor. And remember that this
nation is your very own people.”
o
So did David: Psalm 63: O God, you are my
God; I earnestly search for you. My soul
thirsts for you; my whole body longs for you in this parched and weary land
where there is no water.
- ***suffer:
- Acts 9:16: And I will show him how much he must suffer for my name’s sake.”
- 1 Peter 4:14: So be happy when
you are insulted for being a Christian, for then the glorious Spirit of
God rests upon you.
- After
months of suffering, Job finally says to God, "I had only heard about you before, but now I have seen you with my own eyes." (Job
42:5). Job had been a godly and upright man, pleasing to God, but the
difference between what he knew of God in prosperity and what he knew of
him through adversity was the difference between hearing about and
seeing.
(11) so that one way or another I will experience
the resurrection from the dead!
- Pastor
David Legge: “The reason why my desire is to know Christ, to be found in
Christ, to win Christ, to fellowship in His sufferings, to know the power
of His resurrection, to be conformed unto His death, is because there's a
resurrection day coming - the out-resurrection from among corpses, the
rapture, and then we will stand in judgment, and I want to be fully
clothed with Christ and Christ alone! Not
what I have done or who I am, but to be found in Christ when the body is
redeemed'.”
- Paul
was already assured the resurrection because of his faith in Christ. So,
what is meant by this resurrection? Is this a special resurrection or what
since it’s associated with walk, not salvation? Is he referring to the
rapture?
- 3:12-14
are the key verses for chapter 3. The purpose of Philippians is to get the
reader to work out their salvation in witness and practice with a prize or
reward in view.
- This
properly translated is resurrection out from among the dead:
o
Mark
9:10: So they kept it to themselves,
but they often asked each other what he meant by “rising from the dead.” –
literally, “out from among the dead ones”.
§
His followers knew of the general resurrection,
as did Mary about her brother. So, this is something different – a resurrection
before the general resurrection!
(12) I don’t mean to say that I have already achieved these things or that I
have already reached perfection. But I
press on to possess that perfection for which Christ Jesus first possessed
me.
- But,
Paul did reach that goal in 2
Timothy 4:7: I have fought the
good fight, I have finished the
race, and I have remained faithful.
- Dr
Dwight Pentecost, in his book on Philippians called: 'The Joy of Living’, wrote 'When I was in London I found my
way to several of the art museums and galleries of that city. I wanted to
see some of the famous paintings I had become familiar with through art
books. It was a delightful experience to walk through these corridors. I
was particularly struck with one painting: two chariots were racing at
breakneck speed, their wheels were just a blur of motion, the charioteers
with whip in hand were lashing their horses to the expenditure of every
ounce of energy that they had. Intensity was written in their eyes, in
their faces, in the set of their bodies. The horses were straining
themselves, it seemed, to the point of collapse. Their eyes were wild,
their nostrils distended, they gulped great breaths of air as they pressed
toward the goal. With the goal before them they were giving themselves unreservedly to their race. Those who had not so extended
themselves had been left behind, and were an insignificant part of the
background of the painting. The attention of the viewer was focused by
the artist upon the two charioteers who strained toward the goal'.
(13-14) No, dear brothers and sisters, I have not achieved it, BUT I FOCUS ON THIS ONE THING: FORGETTING
THE PAST AND LOOKING FORWARD TO WHAT LIES AHEAD, I PRESS ON TO REACH THE END OF
THE RACE AND RECEIVE THE HEAVENLY PRIZE FOR WHICH GOD, THROUGH CHRIST JESUS, IS
CALLING US.
- 1 Corinthians 9:24-26: Don’t you realize that in a
race everyone runs, but only one person gets the prize? So RUN TO WIN!
All athletes are disciplined in their training. They do it to win a prize
that will fade away, but we do it for an
eternal prize. So I run with
purpose in every step. I am not just shadowboxing.
- Hebrews 11:24-27: It was by faith that Moses, when he grew up, refused to be called the
son of Pharaoh’s daughter. He chose to share the oppression of God’s people instead of enjoying the
fleeting pleasures of sin. He thought it was better to suffer for the sake of Christ than
to own the treasures of Egypt, for he was looking ahead to his great reward. It was by faith that Moses
left the land of Egypt, not fearing the king’s anger. He kept right on going because HE KEPT HIS EYES ON THE ONE WHO IS
INVISIBLE.
- Hebrews 12:1-2: Therefore, since we
are surrounded by such a huge crowd of witnesses to the life of faith, let
us strip off every weight that slows us down, especially the sin that so
easily trips us up. And let us run with endurance the race God has set before us. We do this
by keeping our eyes on Jesus,
the champion who initiates and perfects our faith. Because of the joy
awaiting him, he endured the cross, disregarding its shame. Now he is
seated in the place of honor beside God’s throne.
- Don’t focus on your problems or your
past sin – focus on Him if you want to run and win the race and the
prize! We tend to focus on our problems.
- 1 Corinthians 3:12-15: Anyone who builds on that foundation may use a variety of materials—gold,
silver, jewels, wood, hay, or straw. But on the judgment day, fire will
reveal what kind of work each builder has done. The fire will show if a
person’s work has any value. If the
work survives, that builder will receive a reward. But if the work is
burned up, the builder will suffer great loss. The builder will be saved,
but like someone barely escaping through a wall of flames.
(15) Let all who are spiritually mature agree on these things. If you
disagree on some point, I believe God will make it plain to you.
- If
you’re really a mature Christian, you’ll realize that you’re not perfect –
like Paul in verse 12.
(16) But we must hold on to the
progress we have already made.
(17) Dear brothers and sisters, pattern your lives after mine, and learn from
those who follow our example.
- From Go for the Gold by Ray Pritchard: Who
is following you?
- Right
now … someone is following you.
- Right
now … someone looks to you to show them the way.
- Right now … someone prays because they
heard you pray.
- Right now … someone is watching you
fight your personal battles.
- Right now … someone wants to be like
you.
- Right now … someone is cheering you on.
- Right now … someone sees Christ in your
life.
- Right now … someone admires your
strength.
- Right now … someone is borrowing your
faith because they have none.
- Right now … someone believes you are the
best Christian they know.
- Right now … someone is hanging tough
because you are standing tall.
- Right now … someone is smiling when they
think of you.
- Right now … someone thanks God for your
friendship.
- Right
now … someone cares that you make the right choices.
- Right
now … someone is following you.
(18) For I have told you often before, and I say it again with tears in my
eyes, that there are many whose
conduct shows they are really *enemies
of the CROSS of Christ.
- *enemies: Notice that it does not
say “enemies of Christ”, it says “enemies of the CROSS of Christ”! Enemies
of the cross don't necessarily deny the cross, they add to it, thus
belittling it...like the Judaizers did. Similar preachers today do the
same – watch out for them – they are “wolves in sheep’s clothing”
(19) They are headed for destruction. Their god is their appetite, they brag
about shameful things, and they think only about this *life here on earth.
- *life here on earth (earthly things in
the KJV): These are the things
in this life that come between our walk with Christ and our daily lives on
earth, where we might compromise or be distracted from what should be
our goal and what our purpose here on earth might be.
(20) But we are *citizens of heaven,
where the Lord Jesus Christ lives. And we are eagerly waiting for him to return as our **Savior.
- *citizens:
- Ephesians 2:19: So now you Gentiles are no longer
strangers and foreigners. You are citizens
along with all of God’s holy people. You are members of God’s family.
- Ephesians 2:6: For he raised us from the dead along
with Christ and seated us with him
in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ Jesus.
- As
believers in the Lord Jesus, we are citizens of heaven. Here on earth we
are only pilgrims journeying toward our eternal home. Yet all too often
we act as if this world is our permanent residence.
- R W
De Haan: “Our true citizenship is in heaven, so we must beware of substituting the foreign
culture of this world for that of our real homeland (see Romans
12:2). We are not to take on its sinful ways or adopt its values. We need
to live in such a way that others
will see that we are different. And we need to remember that we are
strangers in this world and citizens of heaven.”
- Romans 12:2: Don’t
copy the behavior and customs of this world, but let God transform you into a new person by changing the
way you think. Then you will learn to know God’s will for you, which is
good and pleasing and perfect.
- **Savior was a title given to the
Caesars. In 48 B.C., Julius Caesar was declared to be “the universal
savior of mankind.” It then became a common title for the ruling Caesar.
Paul means something when he applies the title to Jesus in the context of
citizenship. The title “Lord” was also applied to the Roman Caesar. It
wasn’t long after the time of Paul that Christians were martyred for
refusing to call Caesar “Lord”, because they knew Jesus was the only Lord.
(21) He will take our weak mortal
bodies and *change them into glorious bodies like his own, using the same power with which he will
bring everything under his control.
- *change: Greek – summorphos.
NOTE:
Unless otherwise noted, the scripture
version used is the New Living Translation.
Sources and References are on-line at:
http://philippians-study.blogspot.com/2011/06/philippians-sources.html
http://philippians-study.blogspot.com/2011/06/philippians-sources.html